Ancestry

A Central European genome with a Slavic Y.

This chip is not a full admixture analysis. It is enough to call uniparental haplogroups and a panel of ancestry-informative alleles that all point the same direction.

Y chromosome · 3,337 markers

R1a-L260

R → R1 → R1a → R1a1a (M198) → M417 → Z283 → Z282 → L260

R1a expanded with Bronze Age steppe populations. L260 (also called S222) is a later European sub-branch that concentrates in West Slavic-speaking regions. A German surname sitting on an L260 Y chromosome is a familiar Central European pattern — Silesia, Pomerania, Saxony, and Bohemia all mixed German and Slavic paternal lines for centuries.

High on R1a-Z282; L260 is supported by the derived L260/S222 call plus a clean negative for R1b-M269, I-M170, J-M304, and E-M96. Microarray Y calls can include stray false positives on other branches; the R1a backbone here is redundant across many SNPs.

Mitochondria · 4,154 markers

J1c

N → R → JT → J → J1 → J1c

Defining calls include 16069T, 16126C, 489C, 10398G, 3010A, 462T, and 228A. J1c is one of the most frequent J subclades in Europe. J has been studied for slightly uncoupled oxidative phosphorylation (more heat, less ATP efficiency) — a possible cold-climate advantage, and a reason J backgrounds are over-represented in some Leber hereditary optic neuropathy studies when a primary LHON mutation is also present. No primary LHON mutation was confidently called here.

High for J / J1; J1c is the best-fitting subclade from the available coding and HVR markers. 14798 (a classic J1c marker) was not on the chip.

Autosomal AIM read

Pigmentation, lactase, Duffy, EDAR, ABCC11, ADH1B, and ALDH2 all read as Northwest / Central European. No Duffy-null, no EDAR 370A, no ABCC11 dry-earwax, no ALDH2*2, no ADH1B*2. Together that is the classic Northwest / Central European signature. A German-American surname, a West Slavic Y, and a J1c mother line is a historically ordinary mix from the German–Polish borderlands — hypothesis, not a parish record.

HERC2 / OCA2 · rs12913832 + rs1800407 · G/G + C/C

Blue-eye genotype

TraitReplicated

HERC2 rs12913832 G/G almost always means blue irises in European-ancestry people.

This SNP controls an OCA2 enhancer. G/G suppresses OCA2 in the iris. OCA2 rs1800407 is C/C (no brown-restoring Arg419Gln). Combined with European SLC24A5 and SLC45A2, pigmentation is light-European.

SLC24A5 / SLC45A2 / TYR · rs1426654 / rs16891982 / rs1042602 · A/A + G/G + A/C

European light-skin alleles

TraitReplicated

Derived light-skin alleles at the two largest-effect loci, plus one TYR S192Y.

SLC24A5 A111 (A/A) and SLC45A2 L374 (G/G) are nearly fixed in Northern Europe. TYR S192Y is heterozygous. MC1R red-hair alleles R151C and R160W are absent. Higher UV vigilance than a deeply pigmented genotype, lower than MC1R red-hair.

ABCC11 · rs17822931 · C/C

Wet earwax, typical body odor

TraitReplicated

Not the East Asian dry-earwax / low-odor allele.

T/T at rs17822931 is the derived East Asian variant (dry cerumen, reduced apocrine odor). C/C is the ancestral wet-earwax type common in Europe and Africa.

ACKR1 (DARC) · rs2814778 · T/T

Duffy-positive — not the African FY*O allele

TraitClinical

Expresses Duffy antigen on red cells. No FY*O malaria-resistance allele.

The C allele (FY*O) silences ACKR1 on erythrocytes and is nearly fixed in West Africa. T/T is the extra-African genotype and a strong ancestry-informative marker.

EDAR · rs3827760 · A/A

No East Asian EDAR 370A

TraitReplicated

Lacks the derived variant tied to thicker hair, shovel incisors, and denser sweat glands.

EDAR V370A (G) is common in East Asia and Native America. A/A is the ancestral European/African genotype.